%0 conference lecture %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., Fensky, F., Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J Wasser 2023 - Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft %T Bestimmung elementarer Fingerabdrücke von Korrosionsschutzbeschichtungen mittels ICP-MS/MS als wichtiger Baustein für die Mikroplastikanalytik %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Hildebrandt, L., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry %T Using ICP-MS/MS in complex environments - spatial distribution and possible sources of technology-critical elements %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Ebeling, A., Wippermann, D., Zonderman, A., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Erbslöh, H., Kirchgeorg, T., Weinberg, I., Pröfrock, D. %D 2023 %J European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry 2023 %T From offshore wind to green Power-to-X products – how ICP-MS can help to monitor potential emerging chemical emissions %U %X %0 journal article %@ 0269-7491 %A Hildebrandt, L., El Gareb, F., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Kerstan, A., Emeis, K., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J Environmental Pollution %P 119547 %R doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119547 %T Spatial distribution of microplastics in the tropical Indian Ocean based on laser direct infrared imaging and microwave-assisted matrix digestion %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119547 %X The mean microplastic concentration of the analyzed samples was 50 ± 30 particles/fibers m−3 (1 SD, n = 21). Number concentrations ranged from 8 to 132 particles/fibers m−3 (20–300 μm). The most abundant polymer clusters were acrylates/polyurethane/varnish (49%), polyethylene terephthalate (26%), polypropylene (8%), polyethylene (4%) and ethylene-vinyl acetate (4%). 96% of the microplastic particles had a diameter <100 μm. Though inter-study comparison is difficult, the investigated area exhibits a high contamination with particulate plastics compared to other open ocean regions. A distinct spatial trend was observed with an increasing share of the size class 20–50 μm from east to west. %0 conference lecture %@ %A Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Ebeling, A., Kruse, M., Kirchgeorg, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J Wasser 2022 - Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft %T Technologie-kritische Elemente - Entwicklung und Anwendung einer ICP-MS/MS basierten Methode zur Messung ihrer zeitlichen Variationen in Nordsee Sedimenten %U %X %0 journal article %@ 1751-908X %A Ebeling, A., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Irrgeher, J., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research %N 2 %P 351-378 %R doi:10.1111/ggr.12422 %T Analysis of Seventeen Certified Water Reference Materials for Trace and Technology-Critical Elements %U https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12422 2 %X Concentrations of elements in the aquatic environment are a key parameter for various scientific fields such as biogeochemistry, biology and environmental science. Within this context, the scientific community asks for new analytical protocols to be able to quantify more and more elements of the periodic table. Therefore, the requirements for aqueous reference materials have increased drastically. Even though a wide variety of CRMs of different water matrices are available, certified values of many elements (e.g., rare earth elements, technology-critical elements, such as Ga and In, and generally those elements which are not part of current monitoring regulations) do not yet exist. Therefore, the scientific community relies on published elemental concentrations of many CRMs provided by other researchers. Some elements of interest, such as the rare earth elements, are well studied and plenty of literature values exist. However, less studied elements, such as Ga and In, are rarely studied. In this study, an 'externally' calibrated quantification method based on an optimised online pre-concentration method, coupled with ICP-MS/MS, is used for the quantification of thirty-four elements. The method is applied to seventeen water CRMs covering freshwater, brackish water and seawater. The measured data is combined with a comprehensive literature review on non-certified values in selected water CRMs and new consensus values are suggested for various non-certified elements. %0 journal article %@ 0090-4341 %A Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Ebeling, A., Kruse, M., Kirchgeorg, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology %N 4 %P 481-492 %R doi:10.1007/s00244-022-00929-4 %T Occurrence and Temporal Variation of Technology-Critical Elements in North Sea Sediments - A Determination of Preliminary Reference Values %U https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-022-00929-4 4 %X As interest in the investigation of possible sources and environmental sinks of technology-critical elements (TCEs) continues to grow, the demand for reliable background level information of these elements in environmental matrices increases. In this study, a time series of ten years of sediment samples from two different regions of the German North Sea were analyzed for their mass fractions of Ga, Ge, Nb, In, REEs, and Ta (grain size fraction < 20 µm). Possible regional differences were investigated in order to determine preliminary reference values for these regions. Throughout the investigated time period, only minor variations in the mass fractions were observed and both regions did not show significant differences. Calculated local enrichment factors ranging from 0.6 to 2.3 for all TCEs indicate no or little pollution in the investigated areas. Consequently, reference values were calculated using two different approaches (Median + 2 median absolute deviation (M2MAD) and Tukey inner fence (TIF)). Both approaches resulted in consistent threshold values for the respective regions ranging from 158 µg kg−1 for In to 114 mg kg−1 for Ce. As none of the threshold values exceed the observed natural variation of TCEs in marine and freshwater sediments, they may be considered baseline values of the German Bight for future studies. %0 conference lecture %@ %A El Gareb, F., Hildebrandt, L., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Kerstan, A., Emeis, K., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J Wasser 2022 - Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft %T Analyse des Vorkommens und der Verteilung von Mikrokunststoffen im tropischen Indischen Ozean mittels Laser Direct Infrared (LDIR) Chemical Imaging und mikrowellenunterstützter Probenaufbereitung %U %X %0 conference lecture (invited) %@ %A Pröfrock, D., Hildebrandt, L., El Gareb, F., Nack, F., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O. %D 2022 %J Analytic Conference %T ICP-MS/MS and LDIR as complementary technique in small micro- and nanoplastic Research - From method optimization to the study of environmentally relevant polymers as vector for trace metals %U %X %0 journal article %@ %A Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Hildebrandt, L., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J Science of the Total Environment %P 158464 %R doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158464 %T Technology-critical elements in Rhine sediments - A case study on occurrence and spatial distribution %U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158464 %X Obtained mass fractions in conjunction with corresponding geoaccumulation indices (Igeo) provide first indications of a possible enrichment along the Rhine for the TCEs of interest (Ga, Ge, Nb, In, Te, rare earth elements, and Ta). Especially the mass fractions of Zn, Ge, In, La, Sm, and Gd exhibit significant anthropogenic inputs. For stations characterized by high Ge and In mass fractions, element fingerprints imply possible atmospheric deposition stemming from e.g. combustion processes. Distinct anomalies of La and Sm most likely originate from discharges located at the city of Worms into the Upper Rhine. Statistical analysis of all analyzed 55 elemental mass fractions revealed similar behavior of TCEs compared to classical heavy metals. Diffuse as well as point sources of TCEs are likely. As a result, this study provides further insight into the role of TCEs as potential emerging contaminants in the environment. %0 conference lecture %@ %A Klein, O., Stefan Kremmler, T., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J ICP-MS Anwender*innen Treffen %T Erschließung der „urbanen Miene“ – Entwicklung einer Aufschlussmethode für Leiterplatinen zur Bestimmung der Metallgehälter mittels ICP-MS/MS %U %X %0 conference lecture (invited) %@ %A Pröfrock, D., Przibilla, A., Klein, O., Hildebrandt, L., Ebeling, A., El Gareb, F., Zimmermann, T. %D 2022 %J 28. ICP-MS Anwender*innentreffen und 14. Symposium massenspektrometrische Verfahren der Elementspurenanalyse %T More than trace elements – New Applications for ICP-MS to investigate the chemical anthropocene %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Zonderman, A., Wippermann, D., Ebeling, A., Klein, O., Erbslöh, H., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2022 %J YOUMARES 13 %T Turbine-colonizing mussels (Mytilus edulis) as an indicator for environmental impacts of offshore wind farms in the North Sea %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2021 %J 6. Doktorandenseminar des DAAS %T Enhanced detection of technologically critical elements in sediment digestions via ICP-MS/MS utilizing N2O as a reaction gas %U %X %0 journal article %@ 0267-9477 %A Klein, O., Zimmermann, T., Pröfrock, D. %D 2021 %J Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry %N 7 %P 1524-1532 %R doi:10.1039/D1JA00088H %T Improved determination of technologically critical elements in sediment digests by ICP-MS/MS using N2O as a reaction gas %U https://doi.org/10.1039/D1JA00088H 7 %X The investigation of technologically critical elements (TCEs) as emerging pollutants is a constantly growing field of environmental research and societal concern. Nevertheless, existing data for most TCEs are still unsatisfactory for an accurate assessment of their potential (eco)toxicological effects on humans and the environment. The limited availability of data mainly results from the technically challenging analysis of selected TCEs. Low concentrations of TCEs in environmental matrices (μg kg−1 or lower) and the associated complex and time-consuming sample preparation pose the greatest challenges. This work aims at developing a new ICP-MS/MS-based multi-elemental approach targeting the analysis of all major TCEs (Sc, Ga, Ge, Nb, In, Te, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Yb, Lu, and Ta) in sediment, which represents one of the most important matrices for environmental research. N2O is applied as a reaction gas to overcome possible spectral interferences during ICP-MS/MS analysis. The use of N2O as a reaction gas for ICP-MS/MS analysis enabled higher oxide-product ion yields for many TCEs in comparison to the frequently used O2 cell gas. Hence, the selectivity and sensitivity of the method were improved. The presented multi-element method using N2O as a reaction gas achieved LODs between 0.00023 μg L−1 (Eu) and 0.13 μg L−1 (Te) for all analyzed TCEs. Likewise, for all analyzed elements, except for Te, recoveries between 80% and 112% were obtained for at least one of the analyzed reference materials (GBW 07313, GBW 07311, and BCR-2). %0 other %@ %A Hildebrandt, L., El Gareb, F., Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Emeis, K., Pröfrock, D., Kerstan, A. %D 2020 %J %T Fast, Automated Microplastics Analysis Using Laser Direct Chemical Imaging : Characterizing and quantifying microplastics in water samples from marine environments %U %X It is estimated that more than 75% of the 8.3 billion metric tons of plastic produced over the last 65 years have turned into waste (1). Up to 13 million metric tons of this waste ends up in the ocean every year (2) and recent calculations estimate that more than 5.25 trillion plastic particles float in the world’s oceans (3). Scientists have demonstrated the alarming environmental ubiquity and persistence of particulate plastic in aquatic ecosystems (4). Models predict that approximately 14% of the plastic debris in the ocean surface layer can be classified as so-called microplastics (often referred to as particles between 1 μm and 5 mm in size) (5). These ingestible and potentially harmful particles have been formed by UV-induced, mechanical, or biological degradation of larger debris items (6). To verify the estimates and to meet upcoming regulatory measures (e.g., California Senate Bill 1422) and directives (MSFD, 2008/56/EC), accurate, time-efficient, and robust analytical workflows and techniques are required. %0 conference lecture %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Reese, A., Wieser, M., Mohamed, F., Irrgeher, J., Pröfrock, D. %D 2020 %J Goldschmidt 2020 %R doi:10.46427/gold2020.3228 %T “Non-Traditional” Stable Isotope Analysis as Tracer so Identify Sources and Sinks of Inorganic Contaminants in Riverine Environments %U https://doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.3228 %X Our results clearly indicate that the exclusive focus on the quantitative analysis of metal contamination within the context of environmental research provides only limited information. The progress achieved in isotope ratio analysis over the last decade therefore opens valuable additional information for environmental scientists. %0 conference lecture %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Reese, A., Irrgeher, J., Pröfrock, D. %D 2020 %J 53rd Annual Conference of the German Society for Mass Spectrometry DGMS including 27th ICP-MS User´s Meeting %T Boron and strontium isotope ratio analysis of the Rhine river – tracer for anthropogenic boron emissions? %U %X The combination of Sr and B isotopic compositions can be used to distinguish different inputs into a complex river system, and can therefore provide a better insight into possible sources and distribution of anthropogenic B inputs. %0 journal article %@ 1759-9660 %A Zimmermann, T., von der Au, M., Reese, A., Klein, O., Hildebrandt, L., Pröfrock, D. %D 2020 %J Analytical Methods %N 30 %P 3778-3787 %R doi:10.1039/D0AY01049A %T Substituting HF by HBF4 – an optimized digestion method for multi-elemental sediment analysis via ICP-MS/MS %U https://doi.org/10.1039/D0AY01049A 30 %X Determination of elemental mass fractions in sediments plays a major role in evaluating the environmental status of aquatic ecosystems. Herewith, the optimization of a new total digestion protocol and the subsequent analysis of 48 elements in different sediment reference materials (NIST SRM 2702, GBW 07313, GBW 07311 and JMC-2) based on ICP-MS/MS detection is presented. The developed method applies microwave acid digestion and utilizes HBF4 as fluoride source for silicate decomposition. Similar to established protocols based on HF, HBF4 ensures the dissolution of the silicate matrix, as well as other refractory oxides. As HBF4 is not acutely toxic; no special precautions have to be made and digests can be directly measured via ICP-MS without specific sample inlet systems, evaporation steps or the addition of e.g. H3BO3, in order to mask excess HF. Different acid mixtures with and without HBF4 were evaluated in terms of digestion efficiency based on the trace metal recovery. The optimized protocol (5 mL HNO3, 2 mL HCL, 1 mL HBF4) allows a complete dissolution of the analyzed reference materials, as well as quantitative recoveries for a wide variety of certified analytes. Low recoveries for e.g. Sr, Ba and rare earth elements due to fluoride precipitation of HF-based digestions protocols, can be avoided by the usage of HBF4 instead. Based on the usage of high purity HBF4 all relevant trace, as well as matrix elements can be analyzed with sufficiently low LOQs (0.002 μg L−1 for U up to 6.7 μg L−1 for Al). In total, 34 elements were within a recovery range of 80%–120% for all three analyzed reference materials GBW 07313, GBW 07311 and JMC-2. 14 elements were outside a recovery range of 80%–120% for at least one of the analyzed reference materials. %0 master thesis %@ %A Klein, O. %D 2019 %J %T Untersuchung von Borisotopenfraktionierung in verschiedenen Flusssystemen als potenzieller neuer Tracer fuer anthropogene Kontaminationsquellen (Masterarbeit) %U %X %0 conference lecture %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Reese, A., Retzmann, A., Orth, T., Klein, O., Irrgeher, J., Prohaska, T., Proefrock, D. %D 2019 %J Vortrag im Rahmen eines Arbeitskreisseminars %T Element- und Isotopenanalytik in der marinen Umweltanalytik – Anwendungsgebiete und neue Entwicklungen zur Probenvorbereitung %U %X %0 conference poster %@ %A Zimmermann, T., Klein, O., Orth, T., Oppermann, B., Retzmann, A., Irrgeher, J., Proefrock, D. %D 2019 %J European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry 2019 %T Analysis of anthropogenic Gd emissions into the German North Sea and potential new insights by the analysis of Gd isotope ratios in MRI contrast agents %U %X %0 bachelor thesis %@ %A Klein, O. %D 2017 %J %T Vergleichende Untersuchung von Multi-Elementfingerprints zweier Flusssysteme (Weser und Ems) unter besondererBeruecksichtigung der Metalle der Seltenen Erden (Bachelorarbeit) %U